OPERATORS IN JAVA

 

🧠 Java Operators — Full Explanation (Telugu + English)

🔹 Definition / నిర్వచనం

Operators అంటే మనం variables మరియు values పై operations చేయడానికి ఉపయోగించే చిహ్నాలు లేదా symbols.
In Java, operators are special symbols that perform operations on variables and values.

⚙️ Types of Operators in Java

Javaలో మొత్తం 7 main types of operators ఉంటాయి:

Type	Example	Meaning
1️⃣ Arithmetic Operators	+, -, *, /, %	గణిత క్రియలు చేయడానికి
2️⃣ Unary Operators	++, --, +, -	Single operand మీద పనిచేస్తాయి
3️⃣ Assignment Operators	=, +=, -=, *=, /=, %=	విలువలు assign చేయడానికి
4️⃣ Relational Operators	==, !=, >, <, >=, <=	Compare చేయడానికి
5️⃣ Logical Operators	&&, ||, !	Logic conditions check చేయడానికి
6️⃣ Bitwise Operators	&, |, ^, ~, <<, >>, >>>	Bits పై పనిచేస్తాయి
7️⃣ Ternary Operator	? :	Short if-else condition
8️⃣ Type Cast Operator	(datatype)	Type convert చేయడానికి

---

🧮 1️⃣ Arithmetic Operators

Operator	Example	Result	Explanation
+	10 + 5	15	Addition
-	10 - 5	5	Subtraction
*	10 * 5	50	Multiplication
/	10 / 5	2	Division
%	10 % 3	1	Remainder

🧾 Example:

int a = 10, b = 3;
System.out.println(a + b); // 13
System.out.println(a - b); // 7
System.out.println(a * b); // 30
System.out.println(a / b); // 3
System.out.println(a % b); // 1

🔁 2️⃣ Unary Operators

Operator	Description	Example	Result
++	Increment	++a	a = a + 1
--	Decrement	--a	a = a - 1
+	Positive sign	+a	No change
-	Negative sign	-a	Changes sign

🧾 Example:

int a = 5;
System.out.println(++a); // 6 (pre-increment)
System.out.println(a++); // 6 (post-increment), next a=7
System.out.println(--a); // 6 (pre-decrement)

---

📦 3️⃣ Assignment Operators

Operator	Example	Equivalent To
=	a = 10	a = 10
+=	a += 5	a = a + 5
-=	a -= 5	a = a - 5
*=	a *= 5	a = a * 5
/=	a /= 5	a = a / 5
%=	a %= 5	a = a % 5

🧾 Example:

int a = 10;
a += 5;  // a = 15

---

⚖️ 4️⃣ Relational (Comparison) Operators

Operator	Meaning	Example	Result
==	Equal to	10 == 10	true
!=	Not equal to	10 != 5	true
>	Greater than	10 > 5	true
<	Less than	10 < 5	false
>=	Greater or equal	10 >= 10	true
<=	Less or equal	5 <= 10	true

🧾 Example:

int x = 10, y = 20;
System.out.println(x > y);  // false
System.out.println(x <= y); // true

---

🔍 5️⃣ Logical Operators

Operator	Meaning	Example	Result
&&	Logical AND	(x>5 && y<10)	true if both true
||	Logical OR	(x>5 || y<10)	true if any one true
!	Logical NOT	!(x>5)	opposite value

🧾 Example:

int a = 10, b = 20;
System.out.println(a>5 && b>15);  // true
System.out.println(a>15 || b>15); // true
System.out.println(!(a>5));       // false

---

⚡ 6️⃣ Bitwise Operators

Operator	Meaning	Example	Result
&	AND	5 & 3	1
|	OR	5 | 3	7
^	XOR	5 ^ 3	6
~	NOT	~5	-6
<<	Left shift	5 << 1	10
>>	Right shift	5 >> 1	2
>>>	Unsigned right shift	-5 >>> 1	large positive value

---

❓ 7️⃣ Ternary Operator

Syntax:

variable = (condition) ? value_if_true : value_if_false;

🧾 Example:

int age = 18;
String result = (age >= 18) ? "Eligible" : "Not Eligible";
System.out.println(result);

Output:

Eligible

---

🔄 8️⃣ Type Cast Operator

Used to convert one data type to another.

🧾 Example:

double d = 10.5;
int i = (int)d; // type casting
System.out.println(i); // 10

---

🧠 Small Interview Questions

1️⃣ What is the difference between == and =?
➡️ == is comparison operator, = is assignment operator.

2️⃣ What is the difference between && and &?
➡️ && is logical AND (used with boolean), & is bitwise AND (used with bits).

3️⃣ What is the output of 5 + 2 * 3?
➡️ 11 (Multiplication has higher precedence)

4️⃣ What is a ternary operator used for?
➡️ Used as a short form of if-else.

There are 8 main types of operators in Java, and here’s a clear, structured explanation of each — with syntax, examples, and outputs 👇

---

💡 Types of Operators in Java

No.	Operator Type	Description
1️⃣	Unary Operator	Works on a single operand (like ++, --, +, -)
2️⃣	Arithmetic Operator	Performs mathematical operations (+, -, *, /, %)
3️⃣	Relational Operator	Compares two values (==, !=, >, <, >=, <=)
4️⃣	Ternary Operator	Shortcut for if-else condition (? :)
5️⃣	Assignment Operator	Assigns values (=, +=, -=, *=, /=, %=)
6️⃣	Bitwise Operator	Performs bit-level operations (&,
7️⃣	Logical Operator	Works on boolean values (&&, ||, !)
8️⃣	Shift Operator	Shifts bits left or right (<<, >>, >>>)

---

1️⃣ Unary Operators

Used with one operand.

Operator	Meaning	Example	Output
++	Increment	++a	Increases value by 1
--	Decrement	--a	Decreases value by 1
+	Unary plus	+a	Indicates positive
-	Unary minus	-a	Negates the value

Example:

int a = 5;
System.out.println(++a); // 6
System.out.println(a--); // 6 (then a becomes 5)

---

2️⃣ Arithmetic Operators

Used for mathematical calculations.

Operator	Example	Result
+	10 + 5	15
-	10 - 5	5
*	10 * 5	50
/	10 / 3	3
%	10 % 3	1

Example:

int a = 10, b = 3;
System.out.println(a + b); // 13
System.out.println(a % b); // 1

---

3️⃣ Relational Operators

Used to compare two values.

Operator	Meaning	Example	Output
==	Equal to	a == b	true / false
!=	Not equal to	a != b	true / false
>	Greater than	a > b	true / false
<	Less than	a < b	true / false
>=	Greater or equal	a >= b	true / false
<=	Less or equal	a <= b	true / false

Example:

int x = 10, y = 20;
System.out.println(x > y); // false

---

4️⃣ Ternary Operator

Used for conditional checking in a single line.

Syntax:

variable = (condition) ? value_if_true : value_if_false;

Example:

int age = 18;
String result = (age >= 18) ? "Adult" : "Minor";
System.out.println(result); // Adult

---

5️⃣ Assignment Operators

Used to assign values to variables.

Operator	Example	Equivalent To
=	a = 5	a = 5
+=	a += 5	a = a + 5
-=	a -= 5	a = a - 5
*=	a *= 5	a = a * 5
/=	a /= 5	a = a / 5
%=	a %= 5	a = a % 5

Example:

int a = 10;
a += 5;  // a = 15

---

6️⃣ Bitwise Operators

Operate on bits (0s and 1s).

Operator	Meaning	Example	Result
&	AND	5 & 3	1
|	OR	5 | 3	7
^	XOR	5 ^ 3	6
~	NOT	~5	-6

Example:

int a = 5, b = 3;
System.out.println(a & b); // 1

---

7️⃣ Logical Operators

Used with boolean (true/false) values.

Operator	Meaning	Example	Result
&&	AND	(a>5 && b>10)	true if both true
||	OR	(a>5 || b>10)	true if one is true
!	NOT	!(a>5)	reverses result

Example:

int a = 10, b = 20;
System.out.println(a>5 && b>15);  // true

---

8️⃣ Shift Operators

Used to shift bits left or right.

Operator	Meaning	Example	Result
<<	Left Shift	10 << 1	20
>>	Right Shift	10 >> 1	5
>>>	Unsigned Right Shift	-10 >>> 1	large positive number

Example:

int a = 10;
System.out.println(a << 1); // 20
System.out.println(a >> 1); // 5

---

⚙️ Operator Precedence (High → Low)

Priority	Operator
1	++, --
2	*, /, %
3	+, -
4	<<, >>, >>>
5	<, <=, >, >=
6	==, !=
7	&
8	^
9	|
10	&&
11	||
12	?:
13	=, +=, -=, *=, /=, %=